Fourth Amendment

Warrants, Probable Cause, and Particularity

A warrant is not the end of the constitutional inquiry. The affidavit, scope, timing, and nexus all matter.

Informational only: This article is general information, not legal advice. Criminal cases are fact-specific and should be reviewed by counsel.

Probable cause and nexus

A warrant affidavit should establish a fair probability that evidence of a crime will be found in the specific place or item to be searched. Weak nexus can create a challenge.

Particularity

Warrants must describe what may be searched and seized with enough particularity to limit officer discretion. Broad digital searches deserve special scrutiny.

  • What evidence was sought?
  • What time period was relevant?
  • Was the search tied to the alleged offense?
  • Did the warrant authorize more than probable cause supported?

Defense review

The defense should examine the affidavit, warrant, return, forensic extraction, and any statements used to obtain the warrant.

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